Sofrimento Moral, Empenho no Trabalho e Trabalho com Significado em Profissionais de Saúde: Uma Revisão Narrativa

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.24197

Palavras-chave:

Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde, Dilemas Éticos, Empatia, Envolvimento no Trabalho, Esgotamento Profissional, Satisfação no Trabalho, Saúde Ocupacional, Stress Psicológico

Resumo

O bem-estar psicológico dos profissionais de saúde é cada vez mais reconhecido como um determinante crítico da segurança do doente, da qualidade dos cuidados e da sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde. Entre os constructos mais relevantes neste domínio encontram-se o sofrimento moral, o envolvimento no trabalho e o significado do trabalho. Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo sintetizar a evidência conceptual e empírica sobre estes três constructos e analisar as suas inter-relações e implicações para a prática em saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa seletiva da literatura, integrando enquadramentos teóricos, revisões sistemáticas e integrativas e estudos empíricos, tendo sido incluídos 41 artigos na síntese final. O sofrimento moral surge quando os clínicos são impedidos de agir de acordo com as suas convicções éticas, frequentemente devido a constrangimentos institucionais ou sistémicos, estando consistentemente associado ao burnout, à rotatividade profissional e à diminuição da qualidade dos cuidados. Em contraste, o envolvimento no trabalho – caracterizado por vigor, dedicação e absorção e o significado do trabalho refletindo a perceção de que a atividade profissional tem significado e propósito – funcionam como fatores protetores, promovendo a resiliência e sustentando a motivação intrínseca. A evidência destaca o papel central do clima organizacional, da liderança, da disponibilidade de recursos e da cultura ética na modelação das experiências de sofrimento, envolvimento e sentido, uma dinâmica que foi ainda mais acentuada durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A síntese apresentada enfatiza que as intervenções organizacionais e sistémicas, incluindo a consulta ética, a liderança de suporte, a reorganização dos fluxos de trabalho e os programas de desenvolvimento da resiliência, são essenciais para mitigar o sofrimento moral e promover o envolvimento e o significado do trabalho. A integração destes constructos está alinhada com o Quadruple Aim, reforçando a premissa de que cuidar dos profissionais de saúde é indispensável para cuidar dos doentes.

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Publicado

2026-05-22

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1.
Santos C, Da Ponte G. Sofrimento Moral, Empenho no Trabalho e Trabalho com Significado em Profissionais de Saúde: Uma Revisão Narrativa. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 22 de Maio de 2026 [citado 5 de Junho de 2026];. Disponível em: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/24197

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