Atitudes e Perceções dos Psiquiatras e Psicólogos Portugueses sobre o Uso Clínico de Cetamina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.22815Palavras-chave:
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde, Cetamina/uso terapêutico, Inquéritos e Questionários, Perturbação Depressiva Resistente a Tratamento/tratamento farmacológicoResumo
Introdução: A cetamina é um fármaco que tem despertado um maior interesse devido à sua eficácia rápida na atenuação dos sintomas depressivos na depressão resistente ao tratamento, oferecendo um mecanismo inovador enquanto agente não monoaminérgico. Apesar do seu potencial, há uma escassez de investigação sobre as perspetivas dos profissionais de saúde mental relativamente à sua utilização. Este estudo avalia as atitudes, o conhecimento e as preocupações dos psiquiatras e psicólogos portugueses quanto à aplicação clínica da cetamina na depressão resistente ao tratamento.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal através de um inquérito entre junho de 2022 e janeiro de 2024, abrangendo psiquiatras e psicólogos portugueses. O questionário, anónimo e online, avaliou perceções sobre a utilidade terapêutica, os riscos e as fontes de conhecimento sobre a cetamina. As análises estatísticas examinaram diferenças entre subgrupos segundo idade, sexo, profissão e experiência prévia com psicadélicos.
Resultados: Entre os 156 participantes (média de idade = 37,2 anos; 68,6% do sexo feminino), 53,8% eram psicólogos e 46,2% eram psiquiatras ou médicos internos de Psiquiatria. Apenas 35,9% relataram ter um conhecimento substancial sobre o potencial terapêutico da cetamina, enquanto 59% demonstraram abertura para a sua integração na prática clínica. A maioria mostrou interesse em obter formação específica, embora 73% tenham expressado preocupações quanto à insuficiência da formação profissional disponível. Observaram-se diferenças significativas: os psiquiatras reportaram níveis de conhecimento e abertura superiores aos dos psicólogos, enquanto os profissionais mais jovens mostraram maior interesse na formação e utilização da cetamina.
Conclusão: Pareceu existir uma atitude favorável à utilização da cetamina entre psiquiatras e psicólogos portugueses; no entanto, persistem lacunas educacionais significativas. A formação personalizada, considerando idade, sexo e contexto profissional, é essencial para uma integração clínica segura e eficaz da cetamina no tratamento da depressão resistente ao tratamento. Estudos futuros deverão focar resultados longitudinais do tratamento com cetamina sob protocolos padronizados, garantindo eficácia e segurança na prática clínica.
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