Doença Causada por Filovírus: Uma Atualização

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.21911

Palavras-chave:

Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes, Ebolavirus, Filoviridae, Infecções por Filovirus, Marbourgvirus

Resumo

Os vírus Marburgo e Ébola pertencem à família Filoviridae e são conhecidos por causar doenças zoonóticas emergentes. Estes vírus apresentam alta letalidade e são facilmente transmissíveis de pessoa para pessoa, o que os torna potencialmente capazes de desencadear epidemias, inclusive em regiões não endémicas, sendo também considerados agentes de bioterrorismo. Os morcegos frugívoros são os reservatórios naturais destes filovírus. A transmissão para humanos ocorre através do contacto direto com fluidos corporais ou tecidos de humanos ou animais infetados. A forma mais grave da doença causada por filovírus manifesta-se como hemorragia mucocutânea, frequentemente acompanhada por falência multiorgânica, que é a principal causa de morte. Tradicionalmente, estas doenças são classificadas no grupo das febres hemorrágicas virais, embora este termo esteja a ser abandonado, pois nem sempre há manifestações hemorrágicas ou febre na história clínica dos doentes. Atualmente, não existe um tratamento antiviral específico para a doença causada por filovírus, e a abordagem terapêutica consiste em medidas de suporte. Existem, no entanto, três vacinas licenciadas para o vírus Ébola do Zaire assim como anticorpos monoclonais indicados no tratamento e na profilaxia pós-exposição. Devido à importância em termos de saúde pública e à possibilidade da ocorrência de casos fora de África, esta revisão tem como objetivo aprimorar o conhecimento clínico e a abordagem de casos suspeitos de doença causada por filovírus. A melhoria na vigilância e a preparação para potenciais surtos globais são medidas essenciais para
obter uma resposta eficaz a estas ameaças de saúde pública e para garantir que os profissionais de saúde estão bem informados e preparados para lidar com estas doenças.

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2024-11-20

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Marx de Andrade R, Paulos A, Valadas E, Laerte Pinto Junior V. Doença Causada por Filovírus: Uma Atualização. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 20 de Novembro de 2024 [citado 7 de Dezembro de 2025];38(1):42-8. Disponível em: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/21911

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