Reactive Infectious Mucocutaneous Eruption: A Rising Enigma

Abstract

Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption is a rare condition that predominantly occurs in pediatric patients following a respiratory infection, most commonly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is characterized by prominent mucositis, usually with minimal or absent skin involvement. We present the case of a nine-year-old male admitted with severe oral mucositis and a penile lesion compromising bladder emptying. During hospitalization, dispersed cutaneous lesions emerged along with bilateral conjunctival hyperemia. The etiological investigation detected Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory secretions, with positive IgM and IgG serology. Treatment included azithromycin, intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, resulting in progressive clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of recognizing reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption. It can be challenging to differentiate from Stevens-Johnson syndrome, but it tends to have a more favorable clinical course. Early initiation of supportive care and multidisciplinary support are crucial for a good prognosis.