Estimation of 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Portuguese Population Using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2)

Authors

  • Maria Santos Unidade de Saúde Pública Francisco George. Unidade Local de Saúde de Santa Maria. Lisbon. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1628-5999
  • Mafalda Sousa-Uva Department of Epidemiology. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisbon; Public Health Research Centre (PHRC/CISP). National School of Public Health. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC). Lisbon.
  • Sónia Namorado Department of Epidemiology. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisbon; Public Health Research Centre (PHRC/CISP). National School of Public Health. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC). Lisbon.
  • Teresa Gonçalves Department of Epidemiology. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisbon; Public Health Research Centre (PHRC/CISP). National School of Public Health. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC). Lisbon.
  • Carlos Matias Dias Department of Epidemiology. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisbon; Public Health Research Centre (PHRC/CISP). National School of Public Health. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC). Lisbon.
  • Vânia Gaio Department of Epidemiology. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Lisbon; Public Health Research Centre (PHRC/CISP). National School of Public Health. Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC). Lisbon.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.21376

Keywords:

Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Sociodemographic Factors

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. The objective of this study was to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk in the Portuguese population using the new Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2. Data from the first National Health Examination Survey from 2015 were used. Inclusion criteria were age between 40 and 69 years, absence of pregnancy, available information on sex, age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Participants who had an acute myocardial infarction or a stroke, had diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or reported taking medication for these conditions were excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of high and very high cardiovascular risk was stratified by sex, age group, marital status, education level, occupational activity, degree of urbanization of the area of residence, health region, and income quintile. The sample consisted of 2817 individuals. In Portugal, in 2015, 36.7% (95% CI: 34.2 - 39.3) and 6.1% (95% CI: 4.8 - 7.4) of the individuals aged between 40 and 69 years had a high and a very high risk of having a cardiovascular disease in the following 10 years, respectively. In 2015, there was a high percentage (42.8%) of the Portuguese population aged 40 to 69 years in high or very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (fatal and non-fatal) in the following 10 years. A possible explanation may be the high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Portugal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Lindstrom M, DeCleene N, Dorsey H, Fuster V, Johnson CO, LeGrand KE, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks collaboration, 1990-2021. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80:2372-425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.001

Direção-Geral da Saúde. Avaliação do risco cardiovascular SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation). Norma n.º 005/2013 de 31/01/2011. Atualizada a 21/01/2015. [cited 2023 Dec 12]. Available from: https://normas.dgs.min-saude.pt/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/avaliacao-do-riscocardiovascular-score-systematic-coronary-risk-evaluation.pdf.

Gaio V, Rodrigues AP, Kislaya I, Barreto M, Namorado S, Dias CM. Estimation of the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in the Portuguese population: results from the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF 2015). Acta Med Port. 2020;33:726-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.13009

SCORE2 Working Group, ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration. SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:2439-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab309

Visseren FL, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Bäck M, et al. 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3227-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484

Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. 1.º Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico (INSEF 2015): relatório metodológico. Lisboa: INSA IP; 2016.

R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. MSOR Connections. 2014;1.

Iorga A, Cunningham CM, Moazeni S, Ruffenach G, Umar S, Eghbali M. The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy. Biol Sex Differ. 2017;8:33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-017-0152-8

North BJ, Sinclair DA. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2012;110:1097-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876

Cajita MI, Cajita TR, Han HR. Health literacy and heart failure: a systematic review. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2016;31:121-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000229

Temtem M, Mendonça MI, Santos M, Sá D, Sousa F, Freitas S, et al. Validation of the SCORE2 risk prediction algorithm in a Portuguese population: a new model to estimate 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence in Europe. Rev Port Cardiol. 2024:S0870-2551(24)00066-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2023.10.011

Published

2024-08-09

How to Cite

1.
Santos M, Sousa-Uva M, Namorado S, Gonçalves T, Matias Dias C, Gaio V. Estimation of 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Portuguese Population Using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2). Acta Med Port [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 9 [cited 2024 Oct. 5];37(10):720-4. Available from: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/21376

Issue

Section

Short Reports