The Impact of CFTR Modulating Therapy on Chronic Lung Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Authors

  • Joana Rodrigues Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto.
  • Rita Boaventura Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Serviço de Pneumologia. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João. Porto.
  • Gabriela Fernandes Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Serviço de Pneumologia. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João. Porto.
  • Adelina Amorim Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Serviço de Pneumologia. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João. Porto.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.20106

Keywords:

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/therapeutic, Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy, Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal genetic disease in the white population, affecting approximately 80 000 people worldwide. It is an autosomal recessive, monogenic, and multisystemic disease, with over 2000 mutations described in the CFTR protein gene. The dysfunction of this protein leads to a decrease in the secretion of chlorine and bicarbonate, sodium hyperabsorption, and consequent water absorption, resulting in the thickening of secretions and accumulation of pathogens. These changes culminate in inflammation, chronic pulmonary infection, and recurrent exacerbations, with lung disease being the main cause of morbidity and mortality. In the early stages of the disease, Staphylococcus aureus is generally the agent responsible for chronic infection. Over time, Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes more prevalent, being the most frequent bacteria in adults. However, in up to 70% of patients, colonization is polymicrobial, with frequent isolation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, associated with Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as isolation of other bacterial agents, viruses, or fungi. In recent years, drugs modulating CFTR have been developed which have shown a positive effect on lung function, body mass index, exacerbation rate, chlorine concentration, and quality of life. Currently, four drugs are approved that act by improving the function or increasing the amount of protein produced and consequently the ion transport. [...]

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References

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Published

2023-09-23

How to Cite

1.
Rodrigues J, Boaventura R, Fernandes G, Amorim A. The Impact of CFTR Modulating Therapy on Chronic Lung Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Acta Med Port [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 23 [cited 2024 Dec. 12];36(12):826-34. Available from: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/20106

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Review Articles